2011 Pan American Games

XVI Pan American Games

Official logo of the
Guadalajara 2011 Pan American Games.
Host city Guadalajara, Mexico
Motto Fiesta de las Americas (The Americas' Fiesta)
Nations participating 42
Athletes participating 6,003[1]
Events 361 in 36 sports
Opening ceremony October 14
Closing ceremony October 30
Officially opened by President] Felipe Calderón
Pan American Torch Paola Espinosa
Stadium Omnilife Stadium
25px|link=|alt= 2011 Pan American Games
PASO · COPAG

The 2011 Pan American Games, officially the XVI Pan American Games, was an international multi-sport event that was held from October 14–30, 2011 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Some events were held in the nearby cities of Ciudad Guzmán, Puerto Vallarta, Lagos de Moreno and Tapalpa. It was the largest multi-sport event of the year,[2] with approximately 6,000 athletes from 42 nations participating in 36 sports. Both the Pan American and Parapan American Games were organized by the Guadalajara 2011 Organizing Committee (COPAG). The 2011 Pan American Games were the third Pan American Games hosted by Mexico (the first country to do so) and the first held in the state of Jalisco. Previously, Mexico hosted the 1955 Pan American Games and the 1975 Pan American Games, both in Mexico City. The 2011 Parapan American Games were held 20 days after the Pan American Games have ended.

Following PASO tradition, Jalisco governor Emilio González Márquez and then Guadalajara mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah received the Pan American Sports Organization flag during the closing ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[3] The event was officially opened by the President of Mexico Felipe Calderón.

The United States won the most medals in total, their fifteenth straight time doing so at the Pan American Games. Brett Fraser a swimmer from the Cayman Islands[4] won the first Pan American Games gold medal for his country, while the Saint Kitts and Nevis won its first ever Pan American Games medal of any kind.[5]

Contents

Organization

Host city election

Guadalajara
Location of Guadalajara in Mexico.

PASO selected the city unanimously as the host for 16th Pan American Games on Friday, June 2, 2006 at its 44th general assembly held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[6] Guadalajara was the only city to officially bid for the 2011 Pan American Games. This may have been in part due to no announced and/or open candidature period for the event.[6] Guadalajara initially bid for the 2003 Pan American Games which were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[6] San Antonio, Texas, which bid for the 2007 Games, declined to bid for the 2011 games.[7]

Infrastructure and budget

Inspired by the 2003 Santo Domingo Games, Guadalajara used the Games as a cost-effective way to build sports infrastructure, according to Ivar Sisniega, Guadalajara 2011 international relations and sports director. Guadalajara, known as "the Pearl of the West", is a metropolitan area of five million people and is regarded for its culture and as Mexico's No. 1 destination for business tourism.[8]

The Games also boosted plans to build new hotels, re-engineer the downtown area, and build a second terminal in the airport. Horacio de la Vega, marketing director for Guadalajara 2011, also cited the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona as inspiration. "Barcelona wasn't Barcelona before it got the Olympic Games. In a more modest sense, we are doing the same in Guadalajara", said de la Vega. The budget was estimated at $180 million to $200 million for the sports infrastructure, and approximately $250 million overall. Some of the funding would go to general street improvement and public transportation. Dr. Carlos Andrade was the head of the organizing committee.[9]

However, as the Games drew closer to starting, it was revealed that the costs of building the venues and the athletes' village had more than tripled to $750 million.[10]

Other plans include a new convention center, a Guadalajara-Puerto Vallarta highway, and a bypass for southern Guadalajara. By 2011, the city will have a new bus rapid transit system, Macrobus, that will run through the Calzada Independencia and the Centro Cultural Metropolitano, an ambitious project of the Universidad de Guadalajara, which includes a 10,000 seat performing arts auditorium (Auditorio Telmex) and a new public library, among other buildings.[11] Guadalajara also will increase its hotel rooms by thirty percent from sixteen thousand to twenty-one thousand rooms.[12]

About 1.2 billion pesos (about 100 million US dollars) were used to administrate drug and doping tests on athletes. 400 and 600 million pesos were to come from the sponsors and the rest were to be covered by an increase in federal, state and municipal resources.[13]

By April, Guadalajara 2011 had made over $50 million dollars revenue on television rights and sponsors, which was more than the previous games in Rio De Janeiro. The organizing committee had aimed for a revenue of about $70 million dollars by the end of the Games. The organizing committee also expected to sell about one million tickets, which went on sale on May 13, 2011.[2]

In June 2011, four months before the games, Carlos Andrade stated that no construction concerns remained for Guadalajara. He said that all 23 stadiums being built would be ready for the start of the games.[14]

Marketing

Marketing for the games began in 2007 at the closing ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro with a handover ceremony to the next host city. Both the state and the national governments began a large-scale campaign to advertise on buildings and to place signs making reference to the Games. Two TV networks, Televisa and TV Azteca, also signed on to broadcast the Games, and to make indication of the games on their daily television programming.[2] Famous athletes from Mexico, including diver Fernando Platas and golfer Lorena Ochoa were also named ambassadors to promote the games.[15] The organizing committee also signed a marketing deal with SKY México, which operates in several countries. The network created a channel dedicated to the games.[16] During the duration of the games, classes for students in Guadalajara were suspended, giving them the opportunity to attend and celebrate the games.[17]

Sponsors

There were four official sponsors for the Games: Scotiabank, Telcel, Nissan and Telmex. Accordingly, some of the venues were named after these sponsors, such as the Scotiabank aquatics center, Nissan Gymnastics Stadium, Telcel Tennis Complex and the Telmex Athletics Stadium. Children International was also an official benefactor of the Pan American Games. There were also other sponsors, called "second tier" and "third tier" sponsors by the organizing committee. These included Technogym and other sponsors regarding food, equipment, security and logistics.[2]

Mascots

The mascots for the 2011 Pan American Games and the 2011 Parapan American Games were Huichi, Gavo, and Leo. The organizing committee unveiled the mascots at the Plaza Andares Amphitheater in Guadalajara on November 28, 2009, and the mascots were officially named on February 10, 2010.[18]

The creators of the mascots each received $2,584. Jose Luis Andrade created the Leo, Angel Barba Barrera created Huichi and Fernando Sanchez created Gavo. The mascots represented the state of Jalisco and the city of Guadalajara.[19]

Venues

Main article: Venues of the 2011 Pan American Games

Most of the new facilities are modest with temporary seating, intended to be utilized in future as training sites and teaching facilities for elite athletes or for community use. The aquatic centre seats over 4,000 and has two Olympic-size pools and a diving level. The athletic facility will sat 15,000 during the Games and then returned to a 5,000-seat arena. The 2011 Games were shared throughout the state of Jalisco and as far away as Puerto Vallarta. Puerto Vallarta hosted sailing, marathon swimming, triathlon, and beach volleyball.[20]

Other cities that co-hosted the event are Tapalpa (mountain biking), Ciudad Guzman (rowing and canoeing) and Lagos de Moreno (baseball).[21]

The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Omnilife Stadium, which was constructed in 2010 for the Estadio Chivas football team.[22] Originally, the bigger and older Jalisco Stadium was scheduled to host the ceremonies, but the organizing committee decided to move to the newer and more technologically advanced Omnilife stadium.[20] By moving the ceremonies to the Omnilife Stadium organizers also allowed for a parade to be held through the streets of Guadalajara and an increase in the use of projections and fireworks.[23] Other venues that already existed in Guadalajara included the Weightlifting Forum and the CODE Dome. Most other venues for the games had to be constructed or expanded temporarily to host the games. [20]

10 new venues were planned including a volleyball arena, covered velodrome, shooting range, and a basketball arena. The $5.5-million, 3,500-seat gymnastics stadium opened in March 2008.

In total about 35 different venues were used, with a majority of them being newly built specifically for the games.[20]

Torch relay

Main article: 2011 Pan American Games torch relay

The Pan American Torch Relay is the transfer of the Pan American Games flame from the Ancient Teotihuacan pyramids in Mexico first in the Sierra de la Estrella and after in the Temple of the Sun God — where it was selected by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) as the place where the Pan American flame is to be lit and then transferred [24] to the stadium of the city hosting the current Pan American Games Games. The flame arrives just in time for the Opening Ceremony.[21]

The torch relay was a 50 day journey through all 32 Mexican states starting on August 26 at the ancient pyramids of Teotihuacan outside Mexico City. About 3,500 runners were expected to get the chance to carry the torch on its 15,000 kilometer journey across Mexico. Individuals sixteen and older and, for the first time, people with disabilities were allowed to carry the torch.[21]

The torch arrived in Puerto Vallarta on October 9, Ciudad Guzman on October 11, Tapalpa on October 12, Lagos de Moreno on October 13 and Guadalajara on October 14. In Guadalajara it was carried in traditional style into the opening ceremony at the Omnilife Stadium. The torch relay was sponsored by local nutrition company Grupo Omnilife.[21]

The torch design depicted agave leaves protecting the Pan American flame. This was a recurring theme throughout the games and was seen on the logo and one of the mascots. The torch was designed by Chinese company, Vatti, which also designed the torch for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The entire torch relay was organized by the Mexican Olympic Committee.[24]

The Games

Opening ceremony

Main article: 2011 Pan American Games opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the games took place on October 14, 2011, at 8:00 pm CDT (01:00 UTC, October 15) at Omnilife Stadium.[25] The opening ceremony was produced by Five Currents, who also produced the 2002 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony.[26]

Participating teams

All 41 members of PASO competed at the Games. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which had planned to continue functioning after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, had its membership withdrawn by the IOC Executive Committee at the IOC session on July 2011. However, it took steps to allow athletes to compete at the 2011 Pan American Games under the PASO flag.[27]

The number of competitors qualified by each delegation is indicated in parentheses.

Sports

36 sports were contested in Guadalajara. With sports such as diving, a sub-discipline of aquatics, included, the number goes up to 40 sports.[70] Futsal, which was added as by the hosts Brazilians as an exhibition sport for the 2007 Pan American Games was dropped from the program.[71] Rugby sevens replaced futsal at the games, appearing on the games program for the very first time. Racquetball and basque pelota also returned to the program after missing the last games in Rio de Janeiro. There were 361 medal events in total.[72] The 2011 Pan American Games had qualification standards for every sport just like the Olympic Games.[73] 15 out of the 26 current Summer Olympic sports, including handball canoeing, and modern pentathlon, will use the Pan American Games as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.[74]

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.

Calendar

See also: Chronological summary of the 2011 Pan American Games
OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals EG Exhibition gala CC Closing ceremony
October 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 17th
Mon		 18th
Tue		 19th
Wed		 20th
Thu		 21st
Fri		 22nd
Sat		 23rd
Sun		 24th
Mon		 25th
Tue		 26th
Wed		 27th
Thu		 28th
Fri		 29th
Sat		 30th
Sun		 Events
Ceremonies OC CC
Archery ● ● ● ● 2 2 4
Athletics 3 5 6 9 10 12 1 1 47
Badminton ● ● ● ● 2 3 5
Baseball ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Basketball ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● 1 2
Basque Pelota ● ● ● ● ● 4 6 10
Beach Volleyball ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Bowling ● 2 ● 2 4
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 7 13
Canoeing 1 1 5 5 12
Cycling 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 18
Diving 2 2 2 2 8
Equestrian 1 ● 1 ● ● 2 ● 1 1 6
Fencing 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Field Hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Gymnastics 1 1 3 5 1 1 2 5 5 EG 24
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 3 4 4 3 14
Karate 2 4 4 10
Modern Pentathlon 1 1 2
Racquetball ● ● ● ● ● 4 ● ● 2 6
Roller Skating ● 2 2 4 8
Rowing ● ● 4 5 5 14
Rugby Sevens ● 1 1
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● 9 9
Shooting 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 15
Softball ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Squash ● ● 4 ● ● ● 2 6
Swimming 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 2 34
Synchronized swimming ● ● 1 1 2
Table Tennis ● ● 2 ● ● 2 4
Taekwondo 2 2 2 2 8
Tennis ● ● ● ● 3 2 5
Triathlon 2 2
Volleyball ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Water Polo ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Water Skiing ● ● 3 6 9
Weightlifting 3 3 3 3 3 15
Wrestling 4 3 4 4 3 18
Total Events 11 14 24 21 18 19 20 23 31 17 18 28 43 43 28 3 361
Cumulative total 11 25 49 70 88 107 127 150 181 198 216 244 287 330 358 361
October 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 17th
Mon		 18th
Tue		 19th
Wed		 20th
Thu		 21st
Fri		 22nd
Sat		 23rd
Sun		 24th
Mon		 25th
Tue		 26th
Wed		 27th
Thu		 28th
Fri		 29th
Sat		 30th
Sun		 Events

Medal table

Main article: 2011 Pan American Games medal table

The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below with the host nation, Mexico, being highlighted. The medals that were awarded have a unique design to the Jalisco region. According to organizers, the medal represents an agave plant and has the texture of embroidery made by the Huichol people. Also, the medal represents the "heart of the agave plant", because the medal has different levels to it, as if one had ripped the layers of the plant to find the heart.[75]

1 Host nation
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States (USA) 92 79 66 237
2  Cuba (CUB) 58 35 43 136
3  Brazil (BRA) 48 35 58 141
4  Mexico (MEX)1 42 41 50 133
5  Canada (CAN) 30 40 49 119
6  Colombia (COL) 24 25 35 84
7  Argentina (ARG) 21 19 35 75
8  Venezuela (VEN) 11 27 33 71
9  Dominican Republic (DOM) 7 9 17 33
10  Ecuador (ECU) 7 8 9 24

Closing ceremony

Main article: 2011 Pan American Games closing ceremony

The closing ceremony of the games took place on October 30, 2011, beginning at 8:00 pm CST (02:00 UTC, October 31) at Omnilife Stadium.[76] As per tradition, the Pan American Sports Organization flag was handed over to the mayor of the next host city, Rob Ford of Toronto.[77]

Concerns and controversies

Security

Guadalajara, due to the ongoing Mexican Drug War, has seen escalating violence with gangs attacking bars and police stations, hijacking cars and blocking major roads and highways. Some countries, including the United States and Canada, expressed concerns about the safety and security of the region.[78] Due to the increased safety issues the United States Olympic Committee had its own security plan for the games. The drug war also raised questions about Guadalajara's ability to host the games.[78] During a meeting of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) in March 2011, chief security officer Larry Buendorf gave a report to the rest of the committee in which he said, "We’re going to prepare for Guadalajara like we would any other Games. A lot of that is just preparing your athletes for the individual environments that they’re going into. Everybody is quite aware of the violence that has happened. We’re obviously concerned about it, and at the end of the day, I think we have a good security plan in place to try to protect our athletes".[79] In February 2011 two major incidents, in which grenades were thrown at an entrance to a nightclub, raised concerns about the safety of the Pan American Games.[80] In response to security issues, organizers pledged that security was a top priority, and spent $10 million on a plan that involved 10,000 municipal, state and federal police, as well as elements from the Mexican army and navy, patrolling Guadalajara's streets during the games.[80]

Athletes' village

The athletes' village was behind schedule for the entire time it was been under construction, and in May 2011, about 5 months before the start of the games, a judge ordered the construction of the facility to stop, because inhabitants of the town of Zapopan claimed that the construction would affect their drinking water supply.[81] The director of the organizing committee, Carlos Andrade Garin, said a 10-day construction delay would mean the event would have to be canceled.

According to Garin, "we have some crabs [people who don't want to go forward] who don't like our state to grow, who don't like us having a great event, whose own related interests are more important than those of the community. Unfortunately, you can't do anything against this kind of people, except get on with our own job."[82]

Governor of Jalisco Emilio González Márquez said the legal action was brought about by political rivals who objected to the amount of money being spent on the event.[82][83]

After many delays, organizers finally asserted that the athletes' village would be finished no later than September, only a month before the games were to begin.[84] The village was expected to be handed over to COPAG by August 22, 2011.[85]

Venue delays

Another concern with the Games was that venue construction had fallen behind. In 2009, two years before the start of the games, the athletes' village was still not under construction and the aquatics and athletics stadiums fell way behind schedule.[86] Some venues and the athletes village were finished only a few weeks before the start of the games, including the Telcel Athletics Stadium and the beach volleyball stadium in Puerto Vallarta. This meant that not all disciplines could have a test event before the games began.[2] Organizers guaranteed that all the sports venues being built for the games would be ready before September 2011.[84] Many of the venues were scaled down, including the Telmex athletics stadium, which had the number of seats halved.[80] During the election of the host city of the 2015 Pan American Games, PASO president Mario Vazquez Rana said that if Guadalajara did not address the delays, Toronto, the host of the next games, would step in and replace Guadalajara as host.[87] In August 2011, the athletics stadium was further delayed by of constant rain which prevented the installation of the track. This development put the test event scheduled for September at risk of being cancelled.[74] Several days before the opening ceremony, the organizing committee announced that they were optimistic that the venues would be ready by the start of the games.[88]

Tainted meat

The German National Anti-Doping Agency warned athletes about the danger of eating meat in Mexico after the meat tested positive for clenbuterol. However, Games officials said that there would be no issues with the food being served to the athletes and officials staying at the athletes' village. The director of food services for the organizing committee guaranteed daily samples of the food being served to test for any harmful chemicals.[89]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e Matthew Grayson (April 12, 2011). "Tuesday Talk -- Guadalajara 2011 Chiefs on Pan Am Construction Progress, Safety Concerns". Around the Rings. http://www.aroundtherings.com/articles/view.aspx?id=36781. Retrieved May 5, 2011. 
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  44. ^ "Dominica – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=DMA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
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  46. ^ "Ecuador – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=ECU.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  47. ^ "El Salvador – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=ESA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  48. ^ "Grenada – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=GRN.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  49. ^ "Guatemala – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=GUA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  50. ^ "Guyana – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=GUY.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  51. ^ "Haiti – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=HAI.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  52. ^ "Honduras – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=HON.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  53. ^ "Jamaica – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=JAM.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  54. ^ "Mexico – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=MEX.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  55. ^ "Netherlands Antilles – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=AHO.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  56. ^ "Nicaragua – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=NCA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
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  58. ^ "Paraguay – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=PAR.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  59. ^ "Peru – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=PER.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  60. ^ "Puerto Rico – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=PUR.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  61. ^ "Saint Lucia – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=LCA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  62. ^ "Saint Kitts and Nevis – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=SKN.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  63. ^ "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=VIN.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  64. ^ "Suriname – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=SUR.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  65. ^ "Trinidad and Tobago – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=TRI.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  66. ^ "United States – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=USA.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  67. ^ "Uruguay – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=URU.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  68. ^ "Virgin Islands – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=ISV.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  69. ^ "Venezuela – Number of Entries by Sport". guadalajara.org.mx. http://200.57.183.69/ENG/ZZ/ZZS102A_@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_country=VEN.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
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External links

Summer:
Winter:
Events at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico